DI实现原理
首先明确一点,DI的过程是从getBean()开始的,因为Spring是懒加载的(lazy),也就是说,只有用到这个bean时,才会发生DI。
getBean()时,开始实例化,实例化分为两种:
- 目标类配置了AOP,则实例化其代理类;
- 目标类没有配置AOP,则实例化这个原生对象。
这里有一个实例化的策略类:SimpleInstantiationStrategy,用来决定要实例化的是代理类还是原生类。实例化之后会存储实例相关信息:scop,proxy,instance,封装为BeanWrapper(统一的一个对外访问对象的入口,保护原生对象,扩展一些功能,缓存一些配置信息),即实例化操作之后,我们最终得到的就是这个BeanWrapper对象。
根据流程先手绘了DI的时序图,结合时序图来看:
ApplicationContext继承了ListableBeanFactory,ListableBeanFactory继承了BeanFactory,BeanFactory中有getBean()方法,AbstractBeanFactory类实现了getBean(),而getBean()调用了自身的doGetBean()方法,所以我们直接看AbstractBeanFactory的doGetBean()方法。
先看注释:
Return an instance, which may be shared or independent, of the specified bean.
返回指定bean的一个实例,该实例可以是共享的,也可以是独立的。
表示这是一个创建bean的方法(会先判断是否已经存在这个bean,如果没有则create)。在内部也确实有一个createBean()方法,进入createBean()方法,其中会有一个doCreateBean()方法,这是创建bean的入口。
/**
* Actually create the specified bean. Pre-creation processing has already happened
* at this point, e.g. checking {@code postProcessBeforeInstantiation} callbacks.
* <p>Differentiates between default bean instantiation, use of a
* factory method, and autowiring a constructor.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param mbd the merged bean definition for the bean
* @param args explicit arguments to use for constructor or factory method invocation
* @return a new instance of the bean
* @throws BeanCreationException if the bean could not be created
* @see #instantiateBean
* @see #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod
* @see #autowireConstructor
*/
//真正创建Bean的方法
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
//封装被创建的Bean对象
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
//获取实例化对象的类型
Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
//调用PostProcessor后置处理器
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
""Post-processing of merged bean definition failed"", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
//向容器中缓存单例模式的Bean对象,以防循环引用
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(""Eagerly caching bean '"" + beanName +
""' to allow for resolving potential circular references"");
}
//这里是一个匿名内部类,为了防止循环引用,尽早持有对象的引用
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
//Bean对象的初始化,依赖注入在此触发
//这个exposedObject在初始化完成之后返回作为依赖注入完成后的Bean
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
//将Bean实例对象封装,并且Bean定义中配置的属性值赋值给实例对象
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, ""Initialization of bean failed"", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
//获取指定名称的已注册的单例模式Bean对象
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
//根据名称获取的已注册的Bean和正在实例化的Bean是同一个
if (exposedObject == bean) {
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
//当前Bean依赖其他Bean,并且当发生循环引用时不允许新创建实例对象
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
""Bean with name '"" + beanName + ""' has been injected into other beans ["" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
""] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been "" +
""wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the "" +
""bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using "" +
""'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example."");
}
}
}
}
// Register bean as disposable.
//注册
try {
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, ""Invalid destruction signature"", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}
首先,一开始定义的BeanWrapper就是Bean对象的封装,是Bean实例化后的结果。this.factoryBeanInstanceCache就是存放bean实例化的缓存(单例)。如果存在则先删除,不存在则创建。
这个方法里有两个主要的方法比较重要:createBeanInstance()负责bean实例化的创建,populateBean()负责依赖注入。
实例化
先来看createBeanInstance()方法:
/**
* Create a new instance for the specified bean, using an appropriate instantiation strategy:
* factory method, constructor autowiring, or simple instantiation.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param mbd the bean definition for the bean
* @param args explicit arguments to use for constructor or factory method invocation
* @return a BeanWrapper for the new instance
* @see #obtainFromSupplier
* @see #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod
* @see #autowireConstructor
* @see #instantiateBean
*/
//创建Bean的实例对象
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) {
// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
//检查确认Bean是可实例化的
Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
//使用工厂方法对Bean进行实例化
if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
""Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: "" + beanClass.getName());
}
Supplier<?> instanceSupplier = mbd.getInstanceSupplier();
if (instanceSupplier != null) {
return obtainFromSupplier(instanceSupplier, beanName);
}
if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {
//调用工厂方法实例化
return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
}
// Shortcut when re-creating the same bean...
//使用容器的自动装配方法进行实例化
boolean resolved = false;
boolean autowireNecessary = false;
if (args == null) {
synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
resolved = true;
autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
}
}
}
if (resolved) {
if (autowireNecessary) {
//配置了自动装配属性,使用容器的自动装配实例化
//容器的自动装配是根据参数类型匹配Bean的构造方法
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
}
else {
//使用默认的无参构造方法实例化
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
}
// Need to determine the constructor...
//使用Bean的构造方法进行实例化
Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
if (ctors != null ||
mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
//使用容器的自动装配特性,调用匹配的构造方法实例化
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
}
// No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
//使用默认的无参构造方法实例化
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
这个方法会调用instantiateBean()来初始化BeanWrapper:
/**
* Instantiate the given bean using its default constructor.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param mbd the bean definition for the bean
* @return a BeanWrapper for the new instance
*/
//使用默认的无参构造方法实例化Bean对象
protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
try {
Object beanInstance;
final BeanFactory parent = this;
//获取系统的安全管理接口,JDK标准的安全管理API
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
//这里是一个匿名内置类,根据实例化策略创建实例对象
beanInstance = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () ->
getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent),
getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
//将实例化的对象封装起来
beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
}
BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance);
initBeanWrapper(bw);
return bw;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, ""Instantiation of bean failed"", ex);
}
}
看注释:
Instantiate the given bean using its default constructor.
即:使用默认构造函数实例化给定的bean
看代码:
BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance);
我们所需要的BeanWrapper是对beanInstance的封装,而beanInstance来自于前一步的:
getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent)
进入instantiate()方法看一下:
@Override
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
// Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides.
//如果Bean定义中没有方法覆盖,则就不需要CGLIB父类类的方法
if (!bd.hasMethodOverrides()) {
Constructor<?> constructorToUse;
synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) {
//获取对象的构造方法或工厂方法
constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;
//如果没有构造方法且没有工厂方法
if (constructorToUse == null) {
//使用JDK的反射机制,判断要实例化的Bean是否是接口
final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass();
if (clazz.isInterface()) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, ""Specified class is an interface"");
}
try {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
//这里是一个匿名内置类,使用反射机制获取Bean的构造方法
constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(
(PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>) () -> clazz.getDeclaredConstructor());
}
else {
constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
}
bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, ""No default constructor found"", ex);
}
}
}
//使用BeanUtils实例化,通过反射机制调用”构造方法.newInstance(arg)”来进行实例化
return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse);
}
else {
// Must generate CGLIB subclass.
//使用CGLIB来实例化对象
return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner);
}
}
这个方法会调用BeanUtils.instantiateClass来实例化,而在这个工具方法中,有这样一句代码:
return (KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(ctor.getDeclaringClass()) ?
KotlinDelegate.instantiateClass(ctor, args) : ctor.newInstance(args));
KotlinDelegate.instantiateClass(ctor, args)
表示使用有参构造方法的方式创建,
ctor.newInstance(args))
表示使用无参的构造方法创建。
综上:createBeanInstance()方法最终是使用反射后封装得到的BeanWrapper(无论有参还是无参),存放在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的factoryBeanInstanceCache中(IoC的)。
-
beanDefinitionMap,是Map<String, BeanDefinition>类型,存储beanDefinition,即配置信息(beanDefinition是对bean的描述,即对bean的抽象,Spring容器启动的过程中,会将Bean解析成Spring内部的BeanDefinition结构,后面对Bean的操作就直接对BeanDefinition进行);
-
factoryBeanObjectCache,是Map<String, Object>类型,存储原生bean,即反射创建出的实际的对象;
-
factoryBeanInstanceCache,存储BeanWrapper,即原生Bean的包装类(是对beanDefinition的加工,会先从beanDefinitionMap取到beanDefinition,获取Bean属性的配置信息,使用属性编辑器对这些配置信息进行转换得到Bean属性的值,最后对Bean通过反射机制设置属性值)。
依赖注入
再来看populateBean()方法,方法前面一段是拿到PropertyValues(BeanDefiniton的属性值)。
只有到最后:
if (pvs != null) {
//对属性进行注入
applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
}
判断若这个属性值不为空,则调用applyPropertyValues(String beanName, BeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, PropertyValues pvs)方法来对PropertyValues属性进行注入。
而在applyPropertyValues()方法中:
bw.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(deepCopy));
这句代码进行了属性的注入,继续深入
setPropertyValues(pvs, false, false);
setPropertyValue(pv);
nestedPa.setPropertyValue(tokens, pv);
经过一系列set之后,我们来到了AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor的setPropertyValue()方法,这个方法实现了属性依赖注入功能。进入processLocalProperty()方法,可以看到有一步:
ph.setValue(valueToApply);
还是set方法,这是对PropertyHandler属性的设置,进入这个setValue():
try {
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>) () ->
writeMethod.invoke(getWrappedInstance(), value), acc);
}
catch (PrivilegedActionException ex) {
throw ex.getException();
}
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(writeMethod);
writeMethod.invoke(getWrappedInstance(), value);
这里都是利用了反射,使用getWriteMethod()获取到setter方法,并利用invoke()来执行这个setter实现属性赋值(即属性的注入)。